| Introduction | | Background | The inhabitants of the area of present-day Oman have long prospered from Indian Ocean trade. In the late 18th century, the nascent sultanate in Muscat signed the first in a series of friendship treaties with Britain. Over time, Oman's dependence on British political and military advisors increased, although the sultanate never became a British colony. In 1970, QABOOS bin Said Al Said overthrew his father and ruled as sultan for the next five decades. His extensive modernization program opened the country to the outside world. He prioritized strategic ties to the UK and US, and his moderate, independent foreign policy allowed Oman to maintain good relations with its neighbors and avoid external entanglements.
In 2011, the popular uprisings that swept the Middle East and North Africa inspired demonstrations in Oman that called for more jobs and economic benefits and an end to corruption. In response, QABOOS implemented economic and political reforms such as granting Oman’s legislative body more power and authorizing direct elections for its lower house. Additionally, the sultan increased unemployment benefits and issued a royal directive mandating a national public- and private-sector job creation plan. As part of the government's efforts to decentralize authority and allow greater citizen participation in local governance, Oman successfully conducted its first municipal council elections in 2012. QABOOS, Oman's longest reigning monarch, died in 2020. His cousin, HAYTHAM bin Tariq Al Said, former Minister of Heritage and Culture, was sworn in as Oman's new sultan the same day. |
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| Geography | | Location | | Middle East, bordering the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Oman, and Persian Gulf, between Yemen and the UAE |
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| Geographic coordinates | |
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| Map references | |
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| Area | |
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| Area - comparative | | twice the size of Georgia |
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| Land boundaries | | total | |
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| border countries | | Saudi Arabia 658 km; UAE 609 km; Yemen 294 km |
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| Coastline | |
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| Maritime claims | | territorial sea | |
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| contiguous zone | |
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| exclusive economic zone | |
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| Climate | | dry desert; hot, humid along coast; hot, dry interior; strong southwest summer monsoon (May to September) in far south |
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| Terrain | | central desert plain, rugged mountains in north and south |
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| Elevation | | highest point | |
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| lowest point | |
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| mean elevation | |
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| Natural resources | | petroleum, copper, asbestos, some marble, limestone, chromium, gypsum, natural gas |
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| Land use | | agricultural land | |
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| agricultural land: arable land | | arable land: 0.3% (2023 est.) |
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| agricultural land: permanent crops | | permanent crops: 0.1% (2023 est.) |
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| agricultural land: permanent pasture | | permanent pasture: 4.4% (2023 est.) |
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| forest | |
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| other | |
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| Irrigated land | |
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| Major aquifers | |
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| Population distribution | | the vast majority of the population is located in and around the Al Hagar Mountains in the north; another smaller cluster is found around the city of Salalah in the far south; most of the country remains sparsely populated |
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| Natural hazards | | summer winds often raise large sandstorms and dust storms in interior; periodic droughts |
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| Geography - note | | consists of Oman proper and two northern exclaves, Musandam and Al Madhah; the former is a peninsula that occupies a strategic location adjacent to the Strait of Hormuz |
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| People and Society | | Population | |
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| Nationality | |
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| Ethnic groups | | Arab, Baluchi, South Asian (Indian, Pakistani, Sri Lankan, Bangladeshi), African |
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| Languages | | Languages | | Arabic (official), English, Baluchi, Swahili, Urdu, Indian dialects |
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| major-language sample(s) |
كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. |
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| Religions | | Muslim 85.9%, Christian 6.4%, Hindu 5.7%, other and unaffiliated 2% (2020 est.) | | note: Omani citizens represent approximately 56.4% of the population and are overwhelming Muslim (Ibadhi and Sunni sects each constitute about 45% and Shia about 5%); Christians, Hindus, and Buddhists account for roughly 5% of Omani citizens |
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| Age structure | | 0-14 years | | 29.8% (male 594,909/female 566,682) |
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| 15-64 years | | 66.2% (male 1,428,141/female 1,155,438) |
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| 65 years and over | | 4% (2024 est.) (male 73,076/female 83,746) |
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| Dependency ratios | | total dependency ratio | |
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| youth dependency ratio | |
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| elderly dependency ratio | |
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| potential support ratio | |
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| Median age | |
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| Population growth rate | |
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| Birth rate | | 20.65 births/1,000 population (2025 est.) |
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| Death rate | | 3.17 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.) |
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| Net migration rate | | -0.49 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.) |
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| Population distribution | | the vast majority of the population is located in and around the Al Hagar Mountains in the north; another smaller cluster is found around the city of Salalah in the far south; most of the country remains sparsely populated |
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| Urbanization | | urban population | | 88.4% of total population (2023) |
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| rate of urbanization | | 2.32% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) |
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| Major urban areas - population | | 1.650 million MUSCAT (capital) (2023) |
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| Sex ratio | | at birth | |
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| 0-14 years | |
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| 15-64 years | |
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| 65 years and over | |
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| total population | | 1.16 male(s)/female (2024 est.) |
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| Maternal mortality ratio | | 13 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.) |
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| Infant mortality rate | | total | | 13.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.) |
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| male | | 15.1 deaths/1,000 live births |
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| female | | 12.6 deaths/1,000 live births |
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| Life expectancy at birth | | total population | |
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| male | |
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| female | |
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| Total fertility rate | | 2.61 children born/woman (2025 est.) |
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| Gross reproduction rate | |
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| Drinking water source | | improved: urban | | urban: 94.7% of population (2022 est.) |
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| improved: rural | | rural: 76.3% of population (2022 est.) |
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| improved: total | | total: 92.4% of population (2022 est.) |
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| unimproved: urban | | urban: 5.3% of population (2022 est.) |
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| unimproved: rural | | rural: 23.7% of population (2022 est.) |
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| unimproved: total | | total: 7.6% of population (2022 est.) |
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| Health expenditure | | Health expenditure (as % of GDP) | |
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| Health expenditure (as % of national budget) | | 8.3% of national budget (2022 est.) |
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| Physician density | | 1.99 physicians/1,000 population (2022) |
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| Hospital bed density | | 1.2 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.) |
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| Sanitation facility access | | improved: urban | | urban: 100% of population (2022 est.) |
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| improved: rural | | rural: 100% of population (2022 est.) |
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| improved: total | | total: 100% of population (2022 est.) |
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| unimproved: urban | | urban: 0% of population (2022 est.) |
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| unimproved: rural | | rural: 0% of population (2022 est.) |
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| unimproved: total | | total: 0% of population (2022 est.) |
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| Obesity - adult prevalence rate | |
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| Alcohol consumption per capita | | total | | 0.47 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
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| beer | | 0.17 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
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| wine | | 0.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
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| spirits | | 0.29 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
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| other alcohols | | 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
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| Tobacco use | |
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| Children under the age of 5 years underweight | |
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| Currently married women (ages 15-49) | |
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| Education expenditure | | Education expenditure (% GDP) | |
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| Education expenditure (% national budget) | | 14.2% national budget (2022 est.) |
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| Literacy | | total population | |
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| male | |
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| female | |
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| School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) | |
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| Environment | | Environmental issues | | limited natural freshwater resources; high levels of soil and water salinity in the coastal plains; beach pollution from oil spills; industrial effluents in the water table and aquifers; desertification due to high winds driving desert sand into arable lands |
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| International environmental agreements | | party to | | Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling |
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| signed, but not ratified | | none of the selected agreements |
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| Climate | | dry desert; hot, humid along coast; hot, dry interior; strong southwest summer monsoon (May to September) in far south |
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| Land use | | agricultural land | |
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| agricultural land: arable land | | arable land: 0.3% (2023 est.) |
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| agricultural land: permanent crops | | permanent crops: 0.1% (2023 est.) |
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| agricultural land: permanent pasture | | permanent pasture: 4.4% (2023 est.) |
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| forest | |
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| other | |
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| Urbanization | | urban population | | 88.4% of total population (2023) |
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| rate of urbanization | | 2.32% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) |
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| Carbon dioxide emissions | | total emissions | | 84.073 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) |
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| from coal and metallurgical coke | | 661,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) |
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| from petroleum and other liquids | | 28.611 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) |
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| from consumed natural gas | | 54.8 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) |
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| Particulate matter emissions | | 34.9 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.) |
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| Methane emissions | | energy | | 673.6 kt (2022-2024 est.) |
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| agriculture | |
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| waste | |
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| other | |
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| Waste and recycling | | municipal solid waste generated annually | | 3.308 million tons (2024 est.) |
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| percent of municipal solid waste recycled | |
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| Total water withdrawal | | municipal | | 130 million cubic meters (2022 est.) |
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| industrial | | 238 million cubic meters (2022 est.) |
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| agricultural | | 1.547 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) |
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| Total renewable water resources | | 1.4 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) |
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| Government | | Country name | | conventional long form | |
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| conventional short form | |
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| local long form | |
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| local short form | |
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| former | | Sultanate of Muscat and Oman |
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| etymology | | the origin of the name is uncertain, but it may date back at least 2,000 years, with an "Omana" mentioned by Pliny the Elder (1st century A.D.) and an "Omanon" by Ptolemy (2nd century A.D.); it is said to derive from Oman ben Ibrahim al Khalil (Oman ben Kahtan), who founded the state |
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| Government type | |
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| Capital | | name | |
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| geographic coordinates | |
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| time difference | | UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) |
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| etymology | | the name derives from the Arabic name for the city, Masqat, which is said to mean "hidden" and refers to the range of hills that isolate the port city from the rest of the country |
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| Administrative divisions | | 11 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafaza); Ad Dakhiliyah, Al Buraymi, Al Wusta, Az Zahirah, Janub al Batinah (Al Batinah South), Janub ash Sharqiyah (Ash Sharqiyah South), Masqat (Muscat), Musandam, Shamal al Batinah (Al Batinah North), Shamal ash Sharqiyah (Ash Sharqiyah North), Zufar (Dhofar) |
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| Legal system | | mixed system of Anglo-Saxon law and Islamic law |
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| Constitution | | history | | promulgated by royal decree 6 November 1996 (the Basic Law of the Sultanate of Oman serves as the constitution); amended by royal decree in 2011 |
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| amendment process | | promulgated by the sultan or proposed by the Council of Oman and drafted by a technical committee as stipulated by royal decree and then promulgated through royal decree |
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| International law organization participation | | has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt |
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| Citizenship | | citizenship by birth | |
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| citizenship by descent only | | the father must be a citizen of Oman |
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| dual citizenship recognized | |
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| residency requirement for naturalization | |
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| Suffrage | | 21 years of age; universal | | note: members of the military and security forces by law cannot vote |
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| Executive branch | | chief of state | | Sultan and Prime Minister HAITHAM bin Tarik Al Said (since 11 January 2020) |
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| head of government | | Sultan and Prime Minister HAITHAM bin Tarik Al Said (since 11 January 2020) |
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| cabinet | | Cabinet appointed by the monarch |
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| note: the monarch is both chief of state and head of government |
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| Legislative branch | | legislature name | |
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| legislative structure | |
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| Legislative branch - lower chamber | | chamber name | | Shura Council (Majles A'Shura) |
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| number of seats | | 90 (all directly elected) |
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| electoral system | |
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| scope of elections | |
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| term in office | |
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| most recent election date | |
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| percentage of women in chamber | |
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| expected date of next election | |
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| Legislative branch - upper chamber | | chamber name | | State Council (Majles Addawla) |
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| number of seats | |
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| scope of elections | |
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| term in office | |
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| most recent election date | |
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| percentage of women in chamber | |
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| expected date of next election | |
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| Judicial branch | | highest court(s) | | Supreme Court (consists of 5 judges) |
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| judge selection and term of office | | judges nominated by the 9-member Supreme Judicial Council (chaired by the monarch) and appointed by the monarch; judges appointed for life |
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| subordinate courts | | Courts of Appeal; Administrative Court; Courts of First Instance; sharia courts; magistrates' courts; military courts |
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| Political parties | | note: organized political parties are banned in Oman, and loyalties tend to form around tribal affiliations |
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| Diplomatic representation in the US | | chief of mission | | Ambassador Talal Sulaiman AL-RAHBI (since 24 July 2025) |
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| chancery | | 2535 Belmont Road, NW, Washington, DC 20008 |
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| telephone | |
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| FAX | |
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| email address and website |
washington@fm.gov.om
Embassy of the Sultanate of Oman, Washington, USA - FM.gov.om |
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| Diplomatic representation from the US | | chief of mission | | Ambassador Ana ESCROGIMA (since 4 December 2023) |
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| embassy | | P.C. 115, Madinat Al Sultan Qaboos, Muscat |
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| mailing address | | 6220 Muscat Place, Washington DC 20521 |
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| telephone | |
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| FAX | |
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| email address and website |
ConsularMuscat@state.gov
https://om.usembassy.gov/ |
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| International organization participation | | ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, CAEU, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO |
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| Independence | | 1650 (expulsion of the Portuguese) |
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| National holiday | | National Day, 18 November | | note: celebrates Oman's independence from Portugal in 1650 and the birthday of Sultan QABOOS bin Said al Said, who reigned from 1970 to 2020 |
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| Flag | description: three equal horizontal bands of white (top), red, and green, with a vertical red band on the left side; the national emblem (a khanjar dagger in its sheath on top of crossed swords in scabbards) in white is centered near the top of the vertical band
meaning: white stands for peace and prosperity, red for battles against foreign invaders, and green for the Jebel al Akhdar (Green Mountains) and fertility |
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| National symbol(s) | | khanjar dagger on top of two crossed swords |
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| National color(s) | |
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| National anthem(s) | | title | | "Nashid as-Salaam as-Sultani" (The Sultan's Anthem) |
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| lyrics/music | | Rashid bin Uzayyiz al KHUSAIDI/James Frederick MILLS, arranged by Bernard EBBINGHAUS |
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| history | | adopted 1932; new lyrics written after QABOOS bin Said al Said came to power in 1970; first performed by the band of the HMS Hawkins as a salute to the Sultan during a 1932 visit to Muscat; the ship's bandmaster did the arrangement |
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| National heritage | | total World Heritage Sites | |
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| selected World Heritage Site locales | | Bahla Fort; Archaeological Sites of Bat; Land of Frankincense; Aflaj Irrigation Systems of Oman; Ancient Qalhat |
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| Economy | | Economic overview | | high-income, oil-based economy; large welfare system; growing government debt; citizenship-based labor force growth policy; US free trade agreement; diversifying portfolio; high female labor force participation |
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| Real GDP (purchasing power parity) | | Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024 | | $193.591 billion (2024 est.) |
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| Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023 | | $190.403 billion (2023 est.) |
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| Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022 | | $188.169 billion (2022 est.) |
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| note: data in 2021 dollars |
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| Real GDP growth rate | | Real GDP growth rate 2024 | |
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| Real GDP growth rate 2023 | |
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| Real GDP growth rate 2022 | |
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| note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency |
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| Real GDP per capita | | Real GDP per capita 2024 | |
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| Real GDP per capita 2023 | |
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| Real GDP per capita 2022 | |
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| note: data in 2021 dollars |
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| GDP (official exchange rate) | | $106.943 billion (2024 est.) | | note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate |
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| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | | Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023 | |
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| Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022 | |
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| Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021 | |
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| note: annual % change based on consumer prices |
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| GDP - composition, by sector of origin | | agriculture | |
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| industry | |
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| services | |
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| note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data |
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| GDP - composition, by end use | | household consumption | |
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| government consumption | |
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| investment in fixed capital | |
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| investment in inventories | |
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| exports of goods and services | |
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| imports of goods and services | |
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| note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection |
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| Agricultural products | | vegetables, dates, milk, tomatoes, sorghum, chillies/peppers, goat milk, cucumbers/gherkins, cantaloupes/melons, cabbages (2023) | | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage |
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| Industries | | crude oil production and refining, natural and liquefied natural gas production; construction, cement, copper, steel, chemicals, optic fiber |
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| Industrial production growth rate | | 0.2% (2024 est.) | | note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency |
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| Labor force | | 2.696 million (2024 est.) | | note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work |
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| Unemployment rate | | Unemployment rate 2024 | |
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| Unemployment rate 2023 | |
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| Unemployment rate 2022 | |
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| note: % of labor force seeking employment |
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| Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) | | total | |
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| male | |
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| female | |
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| note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment |
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| Average household expenditures | | on food | | 18.7% of household expenditures (2023 est.) |
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| on alcohol and tobacco | | 0.1% of household expenditures (2023 est.) |
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| Remittances | | Remittances 2023 | |
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| Remittances 2022 | |
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| Remittances 2021 | |
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| note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities |
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| Budget | | revenues | | $29.334 billion (2018 est.) |
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| expenditures | | $35.984 billion (2018 est.) |
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| Public debt | | Public debt 2017 | |
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| note: excludes indebtedness of state-owned enterprises |
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| Current account balance | | Current account balance 2023 | | $2.638 billion (2023 est.) |
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| Current account balance 2022 | | $4.362 billion (2022 est.) |
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| Current account balance 2021 | | -$4.836 billion (2021 est.) |
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| note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars |
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| Exports | | Exports 2023 | | $64.749 billion (2023 est.) |
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| Exports 2022 | | $69.483 billion (2022 est.) |
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| Exports 2021 | | $46.572 billion (2021 est.) |
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| note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars |
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| Exports - partners | | China 43%, India 6%, Saudi Arabia 5%, UAE 5%, South Africa 4% (2023) | | note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports |
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| Exports - commodities | | crude petroleum, refined petroleum, natural gas, semi-finished iron, fertilizers (2023) | | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars |
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| Imports | | Imports 2023 | | $47.412 billion (2023 est.) |
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| Imports 2022 | | $46.682 billion (2022 est.) |
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| Imports 2021 | | $37.216 billion (2021 est.) |
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| note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars |
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| Imports - partners | | UAE 25%, Saudi Arabia 12%, India 8%, China 7%, Qatar 5% (2023) | | note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports |
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| Imports - commodities | | refined petroleum, cars, crude petroleum, iron ore, iron pipes (2023) | | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars |
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| Reserves of foreign exchange and gold | | Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024 | | $18.287 billion (2024 est.) |
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| Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023 | | $17.455 billion (2023 est.) |
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| Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022 | | $17.606 billion (2022 est.) |
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| note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars |
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| Exchange rates | | Currency | | Omani rials (OMR) per US dollar - |
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| Exchange rates 2024 | |
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| Exchange rates 2023 | |
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| Exchange rates 2022 | |
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| Exchange rates 2021 | |
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| Exchange rates 2020 | |
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| Energy | | Electricity access | | electrification - total population | |
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| Electricity | | installed generating capacity | | 11.589 million kW (2023 est.) |
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| consumption | | 40.738 billion kWh (2023 est.) |
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| transmission/distribution losses | | 4.267 billion kWh (2023 est.) |
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| Electricity generation sources | | fossil fuels | | 96% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) |
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| solar | | 3.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) |
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| wind | | 0.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) |
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| Coal | | consumption | | 82,000 metric tons (2023 est.) |
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| exports | | 70,000 metric tons (2023 est.) |
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| imports | | 323,000 metric tons (2023 est.) |
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| Petroleum | | total petroleum production | | 1.056 million bbl/day (2023 est.) |
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| refined petroleum consumption | | 218,000 bbl/day (2023 est.) |
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| crude oil estimated reserves | | 5.373 billion barrels (2021 est.) |
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| Natural gas | | production | | 41.726 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) |
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| consumption | | 28.646 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) |
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| exports | | 15.536 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) |
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| imports | | 1.924 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) |
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| proven reserves | | 651.287 billion cubic meters (2021 est.) |
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| Energy consumption per capita | | Total energy consumption per capita 2023 | | 296.586 million Btu/person (2023 est.) |
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| Communications | | Telephones - fixed lines | | total subscriptions | |
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| subscriptions per 100 inhabitants | |
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| Telephones - mobile cellular | | total subscriptions | |
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| subscriptions per 100 inhabitants | |
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| Broadcast media | | 1 state-run TV broadcaster; TV stations transmitting from Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Iran, and Yemen available via satellite TV; state-run radio operates multiple stations; first private radio station began operating in 2007, and several additional stations now operating (2019) |
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| Internet country code | |
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| Internet users | |
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| Broadband - fixed subscriptions | | total | |
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| subscriptions per 100 inhabitants | |
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| Transportation | | Civil aircraft registration country code prefix | |
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| Airports | |
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| Heliports | |
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| Merchant marine | | total | |
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| by type | | general cargo 11, other 46 |
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| Ports | | total ports | |
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| large | |
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| medium | |
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| small | |
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| very small | |
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| ports with oil terminals | |
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| key ports | | Duqm, Khawr Khasab, Mina Al Fahl, Mina Raysut, Sohar |
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| Military and Security | | Military and security forces | Sultan's Armed Forces (SAF): Royal Army of Oman (RAO), Royal Navy of Oman (RNO), Royal Air Force of Oman (RAFO), Royal Guard of Oman (RGO), Sultan's Special Forces
Royal Oman Police (ROP): Civil Defense, Immigration, Infrastructure Security Police, Coast Guard Police, Special Security Police, Special Task Force (2024) | | note: in addition to its policing duties, the ROP conducts many administrative functions similar to the responsibilities of a Ministry of Interior in other countries |
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| Military expenditures | | Military Expenditures 2024 | |
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| Military Expenditures 2023 | |
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| Military Expenditures 2022 | |
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| Military Expenditures 2021 | |
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| Military Expenditures 2020 | |
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| Military and security service personnel strengths | | approximately 40,000 active Sultan's Armed Forces (2025) |
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| Military equipment inventories and acquisitions | | the SAF's inventory includes a mix of older and some more modern weapons systems from a variety of suppliers, particularly the UK and the US; other suppliers have included China, EU countries, South Africa, and Türkiye (2025) |
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| Military service age and obligation | | 18-25 for voluntary military service for men and women; no conscription (2025) | | note: women have served since 2011 |
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| Military - note | the Sultan's Armed Forces (SAF) are responsible for defending the country, ensuring internal security, and protecting the monarchy; it trains with foreign partners such as the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, the UK, and the US; the SAF has a security relationship with the British military going back to the 18th century; today, the SAF and the British maintain a joint training base in Oman, and the British military uses the facilities at Al Duqm Port; in 2019, the US obtained access to the port, expanding on previous military cooperation agreements in 2014, 2010, and 1980; Oman also allows other nations to use some of its maritime facilities, including China; the SAF is part of the Peninsula Shield Forces, a joint military force established by the GCC countries with the aim of maintaining security and stability in the region
Oman's naval forces conduct maritime security operations along the country’s long coastline, including patrolling, ensuring freedom of navigation in the key naval chokepoint of the Strait of Hormuz, and countering piracy and smuggling; Oman participates in the US-led, multinational Combined Maritime Forces (CMF), which operates multinational task forces conducting maritime security in regional waters (2025) |
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| Terrorism | | Terrorist group(s) | | Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) | | note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide |
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| Transnational Issues | | Refugees and internally displaced persons | |
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